NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4), a member of the NOX family, has emerged as a significant source of reactive oxygen species, playing an important role in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and other physiological processes.NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) plays a major role in renal oxidative stress of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), a member of the NADPH oxidases, is the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its expression is increased in sepsis.