TLR8 polymorphism was associated with protective immunity elicited by vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in a human cohort. That TLR8 as an important driver of TFH cell differentiation and a promising target for TFH cell-skewing vaccine adjuvants. Toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 plays a crucial role in host recognition/response to viruses and its mucosal expression directly correlates with intestinal inflammation. Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is an important component of the human innate immune system that recognizes single stranded RNA (ssRNA).