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Description
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GLP-1(32-36)amide TFA, a pentapeptide, derived from the C terminus of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1. GLP-1(32-36)amide TFA could inhibit weight gain and modulate whole body glucose metabolism in diabetic mice[1] [2] .
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In Vitro
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GLP-1(32-36)amide (0.1-10 μM; 24 h) retains cell viability and decreases apoptosis against Streptozotocin (STZ; 1 μM) in INS‐1 cells[2] .
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cell Viability Assay[2]
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Cell Line:
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INS‐1 cells
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Concentration:
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0.1, 1, 10 μM
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Incubation Time:
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24 hours
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Result:
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Decreased cell viability only approximately 30% in 0.1 μM and approximately 20% in ≥1 μM while approximately 45% in saline-treated controls.
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In Vivo
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GLP-1(32-36)amide (1 μmol/kg; i.p. once daily for 21 d) protects islet from damage, inhibits weight gain, and relieves symptoms of polydipsia in diabetic mice[2] .
GLP-1(32-36)amide (1 μmol/kg; a single i.p.) slightly reduces the mean glucose lever at 30 min after the challenge of glucose in normal mice[2] .
GLP-1(32-36)amide (50-70 nmol/kg/d; infusion for 12-16 weeks) prevents the development of diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in high fat-fed mice[3] .
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:
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Male KM mice (6-8 weeks; 18-22 g) injected with STZ[2]
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Dosage:
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1 μmol/kg
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Administration:
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1 μmol/kg
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Result:
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Signi?cantly lowered the cumulative values of food and water intake.
Lowered fasting glucose.
Reduced the level of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
Improved glucose tolerance.
Suppressed body weight gain.
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Molecular Weight
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Formula
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Sequence
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Sequence Shortening
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Shipping
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Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
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Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Solvent & Solubility
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In Vitro:
H2O
Peptide Solubility and Storage Guidelines:
1. Calculate the length of the peptide.
2. Calculate the overall charge of the entire peptide according to the following table:
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Contents
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Assign value
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Acidic amino acid
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Asp (D), Glu (E), and the C-terminal -COOH.
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-1
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Basic amino acid
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Arg (R), Lys (K), His (H), and the N-terminal -NH2
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+1
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Neutral amino acid
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Gly (G), Ala (A), Leu (L), Ile (I), Val (V), Cys (C), Met (M), Thr (T), Ser (S), Phe (F), Tyr (Y), Trp (W), Pro (P), Asn (N), Gln (Q)
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0
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3. Recommended solution:
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Overall charge of peptide
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Details
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Negative (<0)
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1. Try to dissolve the peptide in water first.
2. If water fails, add NH4OH (<50 μL).
3. If the peptide still does not dissolve, add DMSO (50-100 μL) to solubilize the peptide.
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Positive (>0)
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1. Try to dissolve the peptide in water first.
2. If water fails, try dissolving the peptide in a 10%-30% acetic acid solution.
3. If the peptide still does not dissolve, try dissolving the peptide in a small amount of DMSO.
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Zero (=0)
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1. Try to dissolve the peptide in organic solvent (acetonitrile, methanol, etc.) first.
2. For very hydrophobic peptides, try dissolving the peptide in a small amount of DMSO, and then dilute the solution with water to the desired concentration.
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References
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[1]. Elahi D, et, al. GLP-1(32-36)amide, a novel pentapeptide cleavage product of GLP-1, modulates whole body glucose metabolism in dogs. Peptides. 2014 Sep;59:20-4.
[2]. Sun L, et, al. Novel Pentapeptide GLP-1 (32-36) Amide Inhibits β-Cell Apoptosis In Vitro and Improves Glucose Disposal in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2015 Dec;86(6):1482-90.
[3]. Tomas E, et, al. GLP-1(32-36)amide Pentapeptide Increases Basal Energy Expenditure and Inhibits Weight Gain in Obese Mice. Diabetes. 2015 Jul;64(7):2409-19.
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